Abstract Androstadienone is a steroid found in human sweat and other secretions. It has been widely proposed as a candidate for a human pheromone. As an odorant it possesses some unique properties. Here we demonstrate that, firstly, there is a very wide range of thresholds in the human population, and they are not normally distributed. …
Abstract Among primates in general, pheromones are of variable importance to social communication. Data on humans have generated the greatest controversy regarding the existence of pheromonal communication. In this review, the likelihood of pheromonal communication in humans is assessed with a discussion of chemical compounds produced by the axilla that may function as pheromones; the …
Continue reading “Facts, fallacies, fears, and frustrations with human pheromones”
Abstract The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a complex of different structures that forward specific chemical signals commonly called pheromones to the central nervous system. In some macrosmatic animals, e.g. rodents, the VNO consists of vomeronasal receptor neurons located in a sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal duct, their afferent axons connecting the duct with the accessory …
Continue reading “Structure and function of the vomeronasal organ”
Abstract It has been estimated that approximately 30% of the population is unable to detect the odor of androstenone. These estimates, however, were made using tests and criteria optimized for identifying detection. Such criteria favor Type II over Type I errors–that is, they are excellent at identifying true detectors at the cost of erroneously labeling …
Abstract We studied the functional characteristics of the vomeronasal system in clinically normal adult subjects of both sexes (ages 20-45). Chemosensory substances were administered in punctate pulses in a continuous air stream from the tip of a multifunctional miniprobe, which contained a nonpolarizable electrode. Negative potentials with the characteristics of receptor potentials were recorded from …
Abstract To obtain information on the possible role of the vomeronasal duct (VND) in odor perception and human pheromone detection, the present study investigated different aspects of olfactory function, including thresholds for androstenone in adults with or without detectable VNDs. The study also examined correlations between detection thresholds of androstenone odor and general olfactory function. …
Abstract The frequency, location, and function of the vomeronasal organ, also known as the Jacopson organ, in human beings remains poorly understood. In this study, a search for the frequency of the vomeronasal organ was performed by nasal examinations of 346 adult patients and 21 cadaver heads by anterior rhinoscopy and videotaped rigid 30 degrees …
Continue reading “The existence of the vomeronasal organ in human beings”
Abstract Odors influence human behavior. The perception of so-called pheromones is frequently mentioned in the context of a functional vomeronasal organ. Vomeronasal ducts can be detected in approximately half of the population. Its functionality, still a matter of debate, seems to be unlikely, at least after birth. It is easily conceivable that pheromone-induced changes in …
Abstract The vomeronasal organ is a special sensory organ that exists in both animals and humans. It is located on the sides of nasal septum and although it involutes with age, occasionally it may be seen in humans. We present the imaging findings in a child with an enlarged nasal septum whose features we believe …
Continue reading “Enlarged vomeronasal organ in a child: imaging findings”
Abstract In mammals, external chemosensory signals from conspecifics of the opposite sex acting on vomeronasal organ receptors can modulate the release of gonadotropins. There is developmental, anatomical and functional evidence showing that the human vomeronasal organ (VNO) has the characteristics of a chemosensory organ. We have been using naturally occurring human pheromones to serve as …
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