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Human pheromones influence human behavior.

AbstractAndrosterone, utilized in this study, has the scent of fresh sweat. It constitutes an individual, characteristic odor for men and to some extent for other primates, being a component of chemical secretions, including androstenol, which influences both luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and women’s mood. LH serves as a hormonal gauge of diet-dependent sexual maturity and …

Rapid mood change and human odors

Abstract We demonstrate an immediate effect of airborne chemicals on human moods. We collected six groups of underarm odors, respectively, from five prepubertal girls, five prepubertal boys, five college women, five college men, five older women, and five older men. In addition, we collected odors from homes of these donors, making them a seventh group …

Perfume Industry and the Sixth Sense

AbstractThe influence of compounds 5alpha-Androstan-3-one, 5alpha-Androst-16-en-3Beta-ol, 5alpha-Androst-16en-3alpha-ol, 5alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one, Androsta-4,16-dien-3-one, Androsta-5,16-dien-3beta-ol, Estriol, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol on the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of women and men was examined. Readings were taken using an electrovomerograph (EVG). Only two of the compounds studied significantly stimulate the vomeronasal organ: estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol (Estratetraenol) and androsta-4,16-dien-3-one (Androstadienone). Androstadienone is a strong odorant detected by the …

Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of androstadienone, a human pheromone

Abstract Androstadienone is the most prominent androstene present on male human axillary hair and on the male axillary skin surface. We have previously shown that this volatile steroid is able to stimulate [corrected] the human female vomeronasal organ in picogram (pg) quantities, resulting in changes in autonomic activity. These effects are gender-specific. The purpose of …

Psychological state and mood effects of steroidal chemosignals in women and men

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that isolated steroids, claimed to act like pheromones, affect human psychological state or mood. In the first experiment, we established that two steroids, Delta4, 16-androstadien-3-one and 1,3,5(10)16-estratetraen-3-ol, modulated emotional states within 6 min of exposure. In men and women, neither steroid had specific effects on states of alertness or negative-confused …

Psychological effects of subthreshold exposure to the putative human pheromone 4,16-androstadien-3-one

Abstract Research on human putative pheromones has recently focused on the effects of exposure to 4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone). This steroid has been observed in the skin, axillary hair, and blood plasma, primarily in males. In addition to effects of the steroid on measures of physiological arousal and brain blood flow, positive mood effects have also been …

Evidence that androstadienone, a putative human chemosignal, modulates women’s attributions of men’s attractiveness

Abstract Considerable research effort has focused on whether specific compounds found within human body odor influence the behavior or physiology of other individuals. The most intensively studied is 4,16-androstadien-3-one, a chemical which is known to modulate mood and have activational effects in the sympathetic nervous system in a context-dependent manner, but whose action in mate-choice …

Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in postmenopausal women

Abstract To determine whether a putative human sex-attractant pheromone increases specific sociosexual behaviors of postmenopausal women, we tested a chemically synthesized formula derived from research with underarm secretions from heterosexually active, fertile women that was recently tested on young women. Participants (n = 44, mean age = 57 years) were postmenopausal women who volunteered for …

Menstrual cycle variation in women’s preferences for the scent of symmetrical men

Abstract Evidence suggests that female sexual preferences change across the menstrual cycle. Women’s extra-pair copulations tend to occur in their most fertile period, whereas their intra-pair copulations tend to be more evenly spread out across the cycle. This pattern is consistent with women preferentially seeking men who evidence phenotypic markers of genetic benefits just before …

Sniffing a human sex-steroid derived compound affects mood and autonomic arousal in a dose-dependent manner

Abstract The effects of sniffing different concentrations of the human sex-steroid derived compound 4,16-androstadien-3-one (AND) on autonomic nervous system function and mood were measured in 60 subjects. The effects were sex-specific and concentration-dependent. Only high concentrations of AND (0.00625 M) increased positive mood (p < 0.03) and decreased negative mood (p < 0.05) in women …