Abstract Human body odours have been reported to influence female mate choice. Women prefer the odours of immunocompatible men and, during their fertile period, judge the body odours of men with symmetrical bodies–which is indicative of genetic quality–as sexy and pleasant. The reproductive success of men largely depends on mating with fertile women, but it …
Continue reading “Female body odour is a potential cue to ovulation”
AbstractSynchronization of menstrual cycles among women living together in a college dormitory suggests that mutual interaction may have a strong influence on the length of the menstrual cycle. Studies on the influence of pheromones on mouse cycles and other species have revealed that social groups affect the functioning of the endocrine system. Although few studies …
Continue reading “Synchronization and suppression of the menstrual cycle”
Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, there has not been an investigation to determine whether lactating women and their infants influence the ovarian function of other women with whom they interact. METHODS: In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of 47 nulliparous women, we utilized both within‐ and between‐subjects controls to assess the effects of sustained exposure to …
Continue reading “Effects of breastfeeding chemosignals on the human menstrual cycle”
Abstract Previous studies of reproductive state and olfactory sensitivity in women have not directly compared thresholds for social and environmental odors. Here, we used successive dilutions presented in a staircase protocol to determine olfactory thresholds for androstadienone, a social odor produced by men, and rose, an environmental odor signaling a source of micronutrients essential for …
Continue reading “Effects of reproductive state on olfactory sensitivity suggest odor specificity”
Abstract Pheromones are airborne chemical signals that are released by an individual into the environment and which affect the physiology or behaviour of other members of the same species. The idea that humans produce pheromones has excited the imagination of scientists and the public, leading to widespread claims for their existence, which, however, has remained …
Continue reading “Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones”
Abstract The murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) includes sequences that are responsible for haplotype-specific odor types that, in turn, influence mating preference. We report that there are several olfactory receptor genes or pseudogenes in the Class I region of the human MHC. At least one of these genes is intact, appears to encode an mRNA, …
Abstract Some adult humans cannot detect the odor of androstenone (5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one), a volatile steroid. To test for the presence of genetic variance associated with this trait, adult twins were tested for their ability to smell androstenone and another odorant, pyridine, that is readily perceived by most adults. Ascending concentration, two-sample (odor versus blank) forced …
Continue reading “Ability to smell androstenone is genetically determined”
Abstract Pheromones can have profound effects on reproductive physiology and behavior in mammals. To investigate the neural circuits underlying these effects, we used a genetic transneuronal tracer to identify neurons that synapse with GnRH (LHRH) neurons, the key regulators of reproduction. We then asked whether the connected neurons are presynaptic or postsynaptic to GnRH neurons …
Continue reading “Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction”
Introduction Compounds collected from the torso and axillary area of sleeping men can be distinguished based on the number of MHC alleles matching between the man and the woman choosing the scent she prefers. Compounds from breastfeeding women and their infants increase the sexual motivation of other women and change the timing of ovulation. Here …
Continue reading “Human Body Scents: Conscious Perceptions and Biological Effects”
Abstract One substantial benefit of sexual reproduction could be that it allows animals (including humans) to react rapidly to a continuously changing environmental selection pressure such as coevolving parasites. This counteraction would be most efficient if the females were able to provide their progeny with certain allele combinations for loci which may be crucial in …
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